All About India - Part 2 || PHYSIOGRAPHIC, NORTHERN MOUNTAINS, PENINSULAR INDIA AND GIS AND MAPPING || LEARNERS HOBBY

                                  PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS AND NORTHERN MOUNTAINS
PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS
    Divisions of landmass based on physiographi is helpful for many economic activities like agriculture, exploration of minerals, soil and flow of rivers. Related to it is a geological structure.
    The major physiographic divisions of India are - Great Mountains of the Peninsular Plateau, the Coastal Plains and the Islands.
NORTHERN MOUNTAINS
    The Northern Mountains are made up of both sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. The central part of Indian landmass is made of hard igneous rocks; the Chhotanagpur Plateau has been formed of lava sheets. The Southern Peninsula is the oldest landmass containing hard rocks such as basalt. Like the Northern Plains, the coastal Plains also have thin alluvial cover.

                                                                          PENINSULAR INDIA
    The Plateau of Peninsular India formed some fifty million years ago die to accumulation of thick layers of basaltic lava, covers an area of about 65,509 sq. kms.
RIFT VALLEY
    A long narrow section between Malwa Plateau and Deccan Plateau drained by Narmada and Tapi is known as the Rift Valley. It was depressed by faulting millions of years ago. As a result Narmada and Tapi flow towards Arabian Sea and join it in the Gulf of Khambhat.

GHATS
    The whole plateau is bordered in the west and east by hill ranges known as Western and Eastern Ghats. The Western Ghats are relatively higher in the south and include a number of hills whose average height is 1,200 metres, but peaks may rise to 2,500 metres. The Eastern Ghats are frequently broken into small hills by rivers such as Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kavery.
NILGIRIS
    The two Ghats converge at the Nilgiris. In the Nilgiris, the highest peak is Doda Betta (2,670 m).
COASTAL PLAINS
    The Coastal Plains lie to  the west and east of the Western and Eastern Ghats respectively. The Western Coastal Plains has the maximum width of 65km but in the South it is about 100 km. Besides the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta in the north, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri also make deltas on the east coast.
                                                                 GIS AND MAPPING
GIS
    With the advent of computers, Geographic Information System(GIS) has  become a tool in accurate mapping. You might have navigated google maps on computer and come to know its usefulness.
REMOTE SENSING
    Along with computers, satellites and colour photography have opened new vistas of opportunities. The main tools of Remote Sensing for location an object by means of a sensor are : Satellite Remote Sensing, Colour Imagery Often false colours are used to depict a particular profile of an image. It has been drawn using GIS as the main tool.

    Satellite colour images were used by Geological Survey of India which were analysed to draw this map as a part of India. Satellite imagery was provided by NASA (USA) as well as Indian sources. The map gives a detailed information about folding and faulting on account of frequent earthquakes in the region. GIS uses many other tools for drawing of maps, collection information and locating places.
GPS
    Global Positioning System (GPS) is like a hand held remote for locating information on a maps. It uses broadcast signals which are captured and analysed by the hand-held remote. It was used by terrorists in 29/11 for bombing the locations and targets in India. On computer, GPS can be used even by untrained students to locate information on maps.
ISRO
    The Indian Space Research Organisation has developed its own satellite based communication and navigation system. ISRO has also launched Indian Remote Sensing Satellite(IRS).


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