India - Climate, Vegetation, Wildlife, Pressure and Temperature || Learners Hobby

                                                    India- Climate vegetation and wildlife
TROPICAL MONSOON CLIMATE
    India has a great variety in climate, as also in relief. The climate of India ranges from dry desert type in Rajasthan, to humid climate near sea coasts and wet climate in Meghalaya in the North-East. In spite of great local variations, the climate of India is broadly described as Tropical Monsoon Type Climate.
CLIMATE FACTORS
    India is a tropical country. South India lies closer to equator. Three factors responsible for this broad categorisation of climate are:
(1) the Tropic of Cancer divides India into two equal halves. While the southern part lies in the tropical zone, the northern part is in sub-tropical zone.
(2) India lies at the head of the Indian Ocean. The moist winds blowing over the Indian Ocean blow towards the mainland.
(3) The Himalayas protect our country from cold polar winds blowing from the north and impart a distinctly tropical touch to the climate of India.
(4) Relief: The general relief of India landmass is more pronounced due to altitude and general direction of mountain ranges. The Himalayas in west-east direction. It is linked to Purvanchal in the north-east that lies in the north-south direction. The Western Ghats are in north-south direction.
REGIONAL DIFFERENCES
    India experiences regional differences in climate on account of two factors
(1) Upper air currents. These are known as jer streams blowing in a narrow zone over Northern Plains in winter and then shift over Tibet in summer
(2) India lies in Trade Wind zone. Trade winds have actually created Rajasthan desert. The coastal areas experience maritime climate whereas the interior parts of the Northern Plains have continental climate.
                                              INDIA-PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE (JANUARY)
TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE
    Air has temperature and pressure. Dry and wet bulb thermometer is used for measurement of temperature in Celcius degrees. Pressure is measured by and instrument called barometer in millibars. Both are important influencing factores for precipitation and climate.
INVERSE RELATIONSHIP
    Temperature and pressure have inverse relationship between them. Low temperature during winter in Northern Plains causes high pressure areas on land because winds always blow from high pressure areas to low pressure areas. Winds from the Northern plains blow towards the seas in winter and in summer in the reverse direction. Similarly, the temperature is very high over warm air rises up, creating an area of low pressure. This causes moisture-laden air from the sea to blow towards land, i.e., onshore breeze.

ISOTHERMS AND ISOBARS
    Temperature and pressure are plotted on maps with the help of isotherms and isobars.
    Pressure below 998 mb is regarded as low and that of above 1000 mb as high. The isobars in January have decreasing value from around 1018 mb to around 1014 mb on the mainland of India.
    High and low pressure conditions may be closer to each other or many hundred kilometers away from each other. Isobars always provide valuable information to students and weathermen regarding the strength and direction of winds.
N.E. TRADES
    In winter, dry trade winds are dominant. N.E. Trade winds blow from west to east. The Himalayas barrier and Purvanchal hills may redirect these winds towards the sea. While blowing over Bay of Bengal they pick up moisture and cause rainfall in the Coromandel Coast.